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THIS SUMMER, I'm growing daisies. Daisies are happy flowers,
darlings of the sun. They're named for it, "day's eye," and their centres are
called discs, while the petals are known as rays. Most daisies display sunny
tones, including yellows and oranges, pinks and reds. There are whites, blues,
and purples, too.
I have more reasons for loving daisies. Most wild critters
prefer other flowers (although the seeds of sunflowers, also a type of daisy,
are beloved by deer, chipmunks, and other wildlife).
Daisies are in the Asteraceae family, one of the larger
groups of flowering plants. They're also considered as part of the Compositae
family, where they were traditionally listed. Daisies come in hundreds of sizes
and shapes, from ground-huggers to plants several metres tall. There are single
or double flowers, and the ambience may be as carefree as the wild roadside
oxeyes, or as sophisticated and demanding as mopheaded dahlias.
Versatile daisies are hardy, too. Many of the perennials
survive in Zone 3 or 4, and all love sun. Some tolerate dryness as well. Their
blooming season tends to be long, and even the winter seedheads can be
attractive.
Many daisies can be bought in nurseries in spring and
summer, and some can be directly seeded in the garden, especially annuals such
as sunflowers, cornflowers, zinnias and asters. Since I need plenty of
perennials to fill my new beds, I've started 100 seedlings. In February, I
sowed Heliopsis 'Summer Sun' and Dahlberg daisies, also known as golden fleece
(Dyssodia tenuiloba). Neither grew much until March, when the days became
longer and warmer. The stately Heliopsis, much like a perennial version of a
sunflower, grows one metre (three feet) tall, and has hand-width-sized double
yellow flowers on strong stems. Golden fleece grows only five centimetres (two
inches) tall, with masses of small yellow flowers that are perfect for sunny
borders, tumbling down banks, or spilling over the rims of hanging planters.
In early March, I sowed the lavender-pink coneflower
Echinacea 'Bright Star' and the new, fragrant All-America Selections (AAS)
Echinacea 'Sunset,' whose bright orange rays encircle a reddish-brown disc.
Both echinaceas grow sturdily to about 60 centimetres (two feet). They're
similar in height to two of my favourite gloriosa daisies, the bright orange
rudbeckia 'Marmalade' and the bi-coloured 'Goblin.' These are short-lived
perennials, more likely to survive if they're mulched for winter.
Among my annuals is the new AAS Osteospermum 'Asti White,'
the first white from seed. It's drought tolerant and about 25 centimetres (10
inches) tall. I'll plant other annual daisies later from seed, especially
zinnia, chrysanthemums, asters and a host of sunflowers tall and short,
including the dwarf pale yellow 'Bit Smile,' and tall, rusty red 'Infrared.'
Annual coreopsis and centaurea are wonderfully drought resistant and faithfully
bloom from seed sown directly in the garden and watered until they are
established. Calendula, the so-called pot marigold, comes in both perennial and
annual forms. Its annual petals can be used as a saffron substitute.
It will come as no surprise to daisy growers that a recent
scientific study indicated flowers make people measurably happier. In three
experiments, a psychology professor at Rutgers University gave flowers to
women, young men and women, and to seniors. In all cases, the flowers created
genuine smiles and long-lasting pleasure.
To prolong the pleasure, I bring daisies inside as cut
flowers. Take a bucket of lukewarm water into the garden with you, so the cut
stems don't dry out. Morning is the best time for picking. Choose perfect,
partly open blooms, and put them in a cool, shady place overnight to double
your pleasure with daisies indoors and out.
- JENNIFER BENNETT
Jennifer Bennett welcomes feedback at jben@ca.inter.net or via
acreagelife.editors@producer.com.
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